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【飞凡云讲堂】"It"在句子中作主语or强调你能分清吗?赶紧跟着Mark老师一起拿下这个语法点!

发布时间:2020-07-03 21:59:34

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大家好我是飞凡英语堪培拉校区听力/阅读老师,Mark Fang。在之前的文章中我和大家探讨过定语和定语从句,以及如何利用定语从句的知识分析句子结构(戳此回顾);
 
除此之外,我还发现了另外一个,同学们常常在SST和作文中遇到的,关于如何使用形式主语“it”的问题;尤其在WFD中,由于形式主语的结构特性,导致有些同学不能很好地抓住句子意群,有时甚至会因为过于关注形式主语结构而导致整句垮掉。

“It”这个单词是我们刚开始学英语最先学到的单词之一,虽然简单,其丰富的语法意义却总能给非母语学习者带来困难。今天我就带大家盘一盘”it”作形式主语及作强调的两种用法



01


作形式主语 

It作形式主语情况:
当一个句子的主语太长时,可用it作句子的形式主语,而把真正的主语移到句子后部去,这样可使句子不显得头重脚轻。可移到句子后部去的主语最常见的是不定式。



句子谓语可有以下几种类型:
1) be+形容词+不定式:

E.g.  It is ridiculous to say such stupid things. 
(如果不用形式主语,本句应该是:To say such stupid things is ridiculous.)


2) be+名词+不定式:

 
E.g. It is my honour to represent your company.
(如果不用形式主语,本句应该是:To represent your company is my honour.)
 

3)  be+介词短语+不定式:

 
E.g. It is against my principle to follow your instructions.
(如果不用形式主语,本句应该是:To follow your instructions is against my principle.)
 

4) 及物动词+宾语+不定式:

 
E.g. It takes two to make a quarrel.
(如果不用形式主语,本句应该是:To make a quarrel takes two.)
 
!!请注意!!:
1) 不定式前有时可有for引导的短语,表示其逻辑上的主语。以上文的例句再为例:
 
E.g. It is ridiculous for a decent man like you to say such stupid things.
 
2) 另外,用it作形式主语,代表动名词时也不少。这类句子用“be+名词作位于谓语时最多,也可以用“be+形容词或其他结构作谓语:
 
E.g. It is a waste of time talking to you.
E.g. It is wonderful swimming in the sea.
 

02
用于强调的"It"
 
1) It可用来对句子的某一成分加以强调

以'Peter met your father in Brisbane yesterday. '这句话为例,可改为许多强调结构: 
E.g. 强调主语It was Peter who met your father in Brisbane yesterday.
E.g. 强调宾语It was your father whom Peter met in Brisbane yesterday.
E.g. 强调状语It was in Brisbane that Peter met your father yesterday.
E.g. 强调状语It was yesterday that Peter met your father in Brisbane.
 
从以上例句可以看出这类句子的结构是
It+动词be+强调部分+who/whom/that+其他部分
 
2)在强调主语时,可用who(that)引导后面部分:
 
E.g. It was you who(that) made a mistake.
 
3)在强调宾语或介词宾语时,若是人则关系代词用whom, 或用that(a),若是物则需用that:
 
E.g. It is me that he blamed.
E.g. It was in Justin whom she still had her faith.
E.g. It is the diamond that they want.

4)在强调状语时后面多用that:
 
E.g. It is today that he will leave.
 
希望通过今天简单的介绍,大家能对”it”作形式主语及作强调的用法有更好的理解。
 
以上就是这一期【云讲堂】的全部内容,如果你觉得文章对你有所帮助,记得分享给你同样热爱英文学习的朋友~

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