大家好我是飞凡英语堪培拉校区听力/阅读老师,Mark Fang。在之前的文章中我和大家探讨过定语和定语从句,以及如何利用定语从句的知识分析句子结构(戳此回顾);
除此之外,我还发现了另外一个,同学们常常在SST和作文中遇到的,关于如何使用形式主语“it”的问题;尤其在WFD中,由于形式主语的结构特性,导致有些同学不能很好地抓住句子意群,有时甚至会因为过于关注形式主语结构而导致整句垮掉。
“It”这个单词是我们刚开始学英语最先学到的单词之一,虽然简单,其丰富的语法意义却总能给非母语学习者带来困难。今天我就带大家盘一盘”it”作形式主语及作强调的两种用法。
01
当一个句子的主语太长时,可用it作句子的形式主语,而把真正的主语移到句子后部去,这样可使句子不显得头重脚轻。可移到句子后部去的主语最常见的是不定式。
▍句子谓语可有以下几种类型:
1) be+形容词+不定式:
E.g. It is ridiculous to say such stupid things.
(如果不用形式主语,本句应该是:To say such stupid things is ridiculous.)
2) be+名词+不定式:
E.g. It is my honour to represent your company.
(如果不用形式主语,本句应该是:To represent your company is my honour.)
3) be+介词短语+不定式:
E.g. It is against my principle to follow your instructions.
(如果不用形式主语,本句应该是:To follow your instructions is against my principle.)
4) 及物动词+宾语+不定式:
E.g. It takes two to make a quarrel.
(如果不用形式主语,本句应该是:To make a quarrel takes two.)
!!请注意!!:
1) 不定式前有时可有for引导的短语,表示其逻辑上的主语。以上文的例句再为例:
E.g. It is ridiculous for a decent man like you to say such stupid things.
2) 另外,用it作形式主语,代表动名词时也不少。这类句子用“be+名词”作位于谓语时最多,也可以用“be+形容词”或其他结构作谓语:
E.g. It is a waste of time talking to you.
E.g. It is wonderful swimming in the sea.
02
用于强调的"It"
1) It可用来对句子的某一成分加以强调
以'Peter met your father in Brisbane yesterday. '这句话为例,可改为许多强调结构:
E.g. 强调主语:It was Peter who met your father in Brisbane yesterday.
E.g. 强调宾语:It was your father whom Peter met in Brisbane yesterday.
E.g. 强调状语:It was in Brisbane that Peter met your father yesterday.
E.g. 强调状语:It was yesterday that Peter met your father in Brisbane.
从以上例句可以看出这类句子的结构是:
It+动词be+强调部分+who/whom/that+其他部分
2)在强调主语时,可用who(或that)引导后面部分:
E.g. It was you who(that) made a mistake.
3)在强调宾语或介词宾语时,若是人则关系代词用whom, 或用that(a),若是物则需用that:
E.g. It is me that he blamed.
E.g. It was in Justin whom she still had her faith.
E.g. It is the diamond that they want.
4)在强调状语时后面多用that:
E.g. It is today that he will leave.
希望通过今天简单的介绍,大家能对”it”作形式主语及作强调的用法有更好的理解。
以上就是这一期【云讲堂】的全部内容,如果你觉得文章对你有所帮助,记得分享给你同样热爱英文学习的朋友~