哈喽大家好！欢迎来到飞凡英语新栏目【PTE新题速递】：SST新题更新讲解3&4：“Migration History in Australia”&“Climate Change”
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Migration History in Australia
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■ 新题音频：
■ Sissi 老师视频讲解：
■ 原文文本：
疑似原文，请同学们以考场题目为准：
The first inhabitants in Australia were the ancestors of the present indigenous people. Whether these first migrations involved one or several successive waves and distinct peoples is still subject to academic debate, as is its timing. The minimum widely accepted time frame places presence of humans in Australia at 40,000 to 43,000 years. Before Present, while the upper range supported by others is 60,000 to 70,000 years BP.
In any event, this migration was achieved during the closing stages of the Pleistocene epoch, when sea levels were typically much lower than they are today. Repeated episodes of extended glaciation resulted in decreases of sea levels by some 100150 m. The continental coastline therefore extended much further out into the Timor Sea than it does today, and Australia and New Guinea formed a single landmass (known as Sahul), connected by an extensive land bridge across the Arafura Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria and Torres Strait.
The ancestral Australian Aboriginal peoples were thus long established and continued to develop, diversify and settle through much of the continent. As the sea levels again rose at the terminus of the most recent glacial period some 10,000 years ago the Australian continent once more became a separated landmass. However, the newly formed 150 km wide Torres Strait with its chain of islands still provided the means for cultural contact and trade between New Guinea and the northern Cape York Peninsula.
During the 1970s and 1980s around 120,000 southern Asian refugees migrated to Australia. During that twenty years, Australia first began to adopt a policy of what Minister of Immigration Al Grassby termed "multiculturalism". In 2004-05, Australia accepted 123,000 new settlers, a 40% increase over the past 10 years. The largest number of immigrants (40,000 in 200405) moved to Sydney. The majority of immigrants came from Asia, led by China and India.
■ 解题思路：
• 降：The first inhabitants in Australia were the ancestors of the present Indigenous people. 首批澳大利亚居民是现在的原住民的祖先。This migration was achieved (when sea levels were much lower) 在海平面低时，迁徙达成。
• 降：The sea level further decreased.
• 起：Australian continent once more became a separated landmass (increase of sea levels) 海平面上升，陆地分开。
• Australia first began to adopt a immigration policy, and many new settlers and immigrants moved to Australia. (most of them were from Asia, led by India) 开始有了移民法，越来越多难民依据澳洲。
■ 相关词汇：
• inhabitant(s) 居民
• Indigenous 原住民
• ancestors 祖先
• glaciation 冰川效应
• glacial period 冰河时期
• continental coastline 陆地海岸线
• a single landmass 一块陆地
• refugees 难民
• migrate 迁徙
• immigrants 移民
• new settlers 新移民
■ 参考答案：
This lecture mainly discussed the inhabitants in Australia. Firstly, the lecture memtioned they were the ancestors of the present Indigenous people. This migration was achieved when sea levels were much lower than today. After that, the sea level decreased, and the continental coastline therefore extended. Finally, the sea level rose again, Australian continent became a seperated landmass. Tens of thousands refugees and new settlers came to Australia. (67 words)
Challenges in today's society 社会挑战
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■ 题目信息：
• 新题，很多背景音。
• 当今社会面临各种挑战。The society today are facing mang challenges.
• 为了了解一些过去事件，作者做了一个研究（research）。研究从17世纪（17th century）到了一个节点。
• 最后，提到环境和气候变化（environment, climate change）,说气候变化是动态的。（climate change has been dynamic）
■ Sissi老师视频讲解：
■ 参考答案：
This lecture mainly discussed the society today are facing many challenges. Firstly, the speaker mentioned we are facing various challgenges now. After that, in order to understand the past events, he did a research from the 17th century. Finally, he highlighted the environment issue and the climate change has been dynamic. (50 words)
本期答案仅供参考，目标65分以上的同学，需根据考场上笔记完善答案。
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