同学们好，今天给大家讲解排序题中一种常见且好用的逻辑关系：转折对比。轻松搞定阅读大佬RO~

按照惯例，下面是一则是关于Mary老师的介绍：

Mary老师是在学生圈里一直是位名副其实学霸的存在，毕业于UNSW工程硕士并在英国剑桥大学进行深造！PTE满分！手持上海外语高级口译证书！！！

她主要擅长听力、阅读跟踪式教学，授课富有激情，逻辑缜密，力求帮助学生在提高成绩的同时，增强自身的英语能力。

▍一开始，我们先复习一下上一篇文章中提到的对应关系（见《浅谈阅读Ro-order paragraph 的几种逻辑关系 – 对应关系》）。

A.The obvious alternative is sign language. All primates have extremelydexterous hands and sign language is a language. You have probably already read about the regular chimpanzees Washoe and Nim Chimpsky, and the lowland gorilla, Koko, all of whom learned to sign and interact very naturally with their trainers.

B.It does not follow from their lack of speech, however, that chimpanzees are incapable of language, this is, a human-like grammar. Perhaps they can acquire grammar and speak if they could only use grammar some way other than with avoice.

C.Chimpanzees cannot speak because, unlike humans, their vocal cords are located higher in their throats and cannot be controlled as well as human vocal cords.

在这三段话中（这只是全部五段式题目的节选哦），我们会发现A段的the obvious alternative is sign language这句话可以视为语言的另外一种选择。跟它相对应的内容是B段的they could only use grammar some wayother than with a voice（它们只能不用声音表达语法）。所以BA可以形成一个pair。不仅如此，C段需要放在BA的前面，因为C段的Chimpanzees cannot speak（大猩猩不能说话）对应到B段的it does not follow form their lack ofspeech, chimpanzees are incapable of language（这并不因为他们不善交流，而是因为他们不能说话）。所以正确答案应该是CBA。

这样的排序方法，会广泛地运用在各种ro题目当中，大家可以尝试寻找单词之间的对应，或者句子之间的对应关系，那么做题时候就会更有针对性，不至于犹豫不决，从而浪费了时间。

▍那接下来，我们来看看存在转折对比的题目可以怎样解决。

首先，转折词有很多种，除了常用的but, however之外，yet, whereas, by contrast, the opposite这样的词汇也算。一般来说，当你看见了转折词，就说明转折词所在的这句话与另外一句话意思相反，可以形成对比关系。也就是说，我们可以尝试着读懂这句话，然后进行内容上的反推，那么就可以顺理成章地找出它的上句形成一个pair了。

我们拿一道例题给大家解释一下。

A.But just the opposite is true—language is one of the most complex of all human cognitive abilities.

B.For one thing, the use of language is universal—all normally developing children learn to speak at leastone language, and many learn more than one.

C.Because everyone is capable of learning to speak and understand language, it may seem to be simple.

D.By contrast, not everyone becomes proficient at complex mathematical reasoning, few people learn to paint well,and many people cannot carry a tune.

如果我们可以找出这几句话的转折词：A段的but和D段的by contrast，那就可以从这两段下手。通过阅读，我们会发现A段主要讲的是“语言是最复杂的”，如果进行反推，就是“语言是最简单的”，通过这个逻辑，我们一下子就能看到C段的simple，所以CA形成一个pair，一分快速到手。

至于D段话，它虽然没有直接点明某件事情，但通过排比并列句向读者阐述了“其他能力不是每个人都能掌握”的事实，如果进行反推，表达的含义就是“某个能力每个人都能掌握”，便能对应到B段的the use of language is universal. 因此，BD形成一个pair。

▍最后，根据B段的for one thing（其中一点，约等于firstly），可以确定BDCA是正确顺序。

这样的转折关系是及其方便且好用的，它会在ro中大量出现，我们只要按部就班，遵循读懂+反推的原则，准确又快速地得到这一分并不是什么难事。

▍按照惯例，我们留下一个小作业给大家练习：

A. Yet whenever he was hungry, hegot up and propelled himself straight to the kitchen to get something to eat.

B.  Studies of this man ledscientists to break through: the part of our brains where habits are stored hasnothing to do with memory or reason.

C. Every day he was asked wherethe kitchen was in his house, and every day he didn't have the foggiest idea.

D. It offered proof of what the USpsychologist Willian James noticed more than a century ago that humans"are mere walking bundles of habits."

E. In 1992 a retired engineer inSan Diego contracted a rare brain disease that wiped out his memory.