在讲到了关于意群分割和意群之间的连读后，那么新的问题又来了，有同学会问到说“老师那我在读一个长句子或者段落的时候，我该在哪里停下换气呢？”

这就涉及到我们今天教研报告探讨的话题：断句。我们该如何在一段话里瞬间找到并且找准断句的位置，且不会被机器判定为卡顿呢？首先我们来看一下下面这句话，大家可以试着自己找意群并断句，朗读一下：

Tesla actually worked for Edison early in his career. Edison offered to pay him the modern equivalent of a million dollars to fix the problems he was having with his DC generators and motors.

我们会发现，第二个句子尤其的长，想要一口气读完似乎不太可能，那究竟该断句在何处才是正确的呢？我们将正确的断句&呼吸位置给大家标出来了。

Tesla actually worked for Edison early in his career. 呼吸Edison offered to pay him the modern equivalent of a million dollars 【正常断句处】to fix the problems he was having 卡顿with his DC generators and motors.

下面我们就正式进入今天的话题：如何寻找正确的断句位置。（PS：断句位置和我们的句子结构&读法有很大关系，并没有绝对正确的断句方法，本期教研主要聚焦在普遍适用的断句思路）

01

句末停顿&句中停顿

首先句末停顿相信大家都比较熟悉了，指在逗号/句号处停顿，以示分割。

那么句中停顿又是什么呢？遇到长句子，句中没有标点符号我该如何停顿换气？根据官方的评分标准：适当的停顿会让你的口语听起来更流利。

不过句末停顿好办，句中停顿很多同学就开始迷糊了，有没有什么判定法则可以帮助我们快速找到停顿的地方？下面我们讲介绍两种句中停顿的方法：

02

寻找句中停顿的方法：气息&规律

首先，气息指我们读一个句子时在合理的地方适当断句，调整气息，以继续读后面的部分。而不是憋着一口气，一直读到读不下去为止，憋气读句子就很可能出现气息不足，在不正确的地方停顿导致被判定卡顿。

所以在这里我们要提醒大家：断句不代表停顿，断句是相对合理地分割句子成分。气息不要刻意固定，有的时候不是一尘不变的规则

那么句中停顿的规律又指什么呢？主要分为以下两种情况：

1. 连词为主类意群分割

2. 长主语为主类意群分割

【1】情况一：以连接词为主类意群分割

连接词顾名思义指连接两个句子成分的词，像是because；so；and；whereas；while等等......

所以我们句中停顿的第二个技巧就是，寻找句中的连接词，我们的停顿（换气）处就在连接词前面。下面的几个例子大家可以自己尝试找找连接词：

1. Welfare has a special political meaning to the United States because it refers to how the poor receives financial aid.

2. The strictest definitions define smoking as being the inhalation of any tobacco substance while the loosest define smoking as possessing any lit tobacco product

3. This trend began in the middle of the 20th century and is one of the major environmental concerns of scientists and governmental officials worldwide.

4. There has been a decline in physical activity because more people work in offices rather than in manual jobs.

5. You must re-enroll at Student Services and in the subjects you intend to study.

6. Tidal energy is a renewable source of energy and form of hydropower used to generate electricity from the energy of the tides.

7. The use of questionnaires and surveys is more suitable for quantitative research whereas interviews and focus groups are more often used for qualitative research purpose.

8. Others see it as essential to civilized living and concern themselves with design and how the furniture will look in a room.

9. Mitigation is common and calls for a reduction of emissions and less reliance on fossil fuels.

10. Coal burning power plants are now replaced with hydraulic power plants and electrical cars are replacing some gasoline efficient cars.

你找得怎么样了呢？如果发现找准连接词之后，句子依然非常长的话，我们就需要按照第一个【气息】的方法来灵活调整自己的断句。

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【2】情况2:以长主语为主累意群分割

寻找句子主语相信大家都没有什么问题，那么长主语指什么呢？一般是主语+主语后负责修饰主语的成分（从句，副词等等），长主语结束后一般会紧跟上系动词or实义动词。

所以当我们以长主语作为主类意群分割时，我们的停顿点就在长主语后or系动词/实义动词前。

下面几个练习题给大家找找看吧：

1. Students who wish to take a break from their studies will need to put in an application for Leave of Ansence.

2. The extent and structure of the government of the United States make it dependent on the will of the society.

3. The child raised in an environment where there are many stimuli will experience greater intellectual development.

4. Many papers you write in college will require you to include quotes from one or more sources.

5. Integrating a few quotes into your writing can add life and persuasiveness to your arguments.

6. That is because energy efficiency of building operation just represents a single aspect of sustainability.

7. The average 2015 US university graduate who took out loans to help pay for tuition enters the workforce with $35,000 in student debt.

8. An energy efficient building with poor building material choices may not be considered sustainable. 

9. Environment problems caused by hard rock mining involve water pollution by metals themselves.

10. The primary application we're targeting at first is to give people a decision aid during rehabilitation.

怎么样，你是不是能快速且准确地找到句子中的长主语呢？如果还有些困难的话，点击视频查看老师的解析及示范吧！

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